Hovercraft

Hovercraft, also known as a ground effect machine and air cushion vehicle. It supports its own weight by generating and containing an air cushion beneath its hull. This air hits the surface the vehicle is travelling over and, because it cannot escape, it turns back upwards which lifts the hull clear of the surface. The air cushion, usually generated by fans, is created by blowing air beneath the hull. More air coming in keeps the hull off the surface, and air escaping from under the hull ensures an equilibrium is maintained. Flexible skirts contain the cushion of air and raise the hull higher to allow it to clear obstacles.

Although there were experiments in the air cushion principle in Europe in the late 19th century, it was not until Dr Christopher ( Sir Christopher from 1969) Cockerell (1910–99) patented his ideas in December 1955.